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Edition #1055

By
Aurelio Martinez, may be one of the last generations to grow up steeped in the Garifuna tradition.
#1055 9.20.14 Welcome to Higher Ground’s “Saturday Night Showcase”, a new web feature! Listeners can now view the entire Hg playlist as Jonathan airs the broadcast featuring blues man Eric Bibb, Afro Peruvian artist Susana Baca, Aurelio Martinez from Honduras, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan with Peter Gabriel, Salif Keita, Uzbek singer Sevara Nazarkhan, Lhasa De Sela, Paul Simon, contemporary pianist Jenny Q Chai, Yungchen Lhamo, Amadou & Mariam and much more (playlist subject to change without notice).

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 1

PLAYLIST

1. Spirit Of South Africa ‘Dembel’ Alb Tk 11 3.58

The students and teachers of the N’tonga Music School, in Gugu-lethu, South Africa, came together to record songs that lift up their community. Gugulethu, located 20 kilometers from the city of Cape Town, South Africa was formed during the government-imposed Apartheid. It is a community struggling for existence and inspiration with the goal of repairing the damage and injustice created during Apartheid. Celebrating their country with the goal of creating a brighter future for its people, Spirit of South Africa opens tonight’s edition of Hg with Dembel, dedicated to giving the people of Gugu-lethu hope. Spirit Of South Africa, Red Sauce Records, 2005

2. Sheila Chandra ‘Song To The Siren’ Alb Tk 1 4.26

Sheila Chandra is a former English pop singer of Indian descent. Dramatically, she lost her voice and is unable to sing or speak. Her past includes performing Song Of The Siren. Gifted: Women Of The World, Real World Records, 2012

3. Yungchen Lhamo ‘Happiness is…’ CD2 Tk 1 (5:07)

Yung-chen Yah-mo is a Tibetan singer-songwriter living in exile in New York City. She has won an Australian Record Industry Association award for best Folk/World/Traditional album, and was then signed by Peter Gabriel’s Realworld Record label. Here she is with Happiness Is. 30 Real World AT WOMAD, Real World Records, 2012

3. Aurelio ‘Sañanaru’ Alb Tk 1 3.30

Born in the tiny coastal hamlet of Plaplaya on Honduras’ Caribbean coast, Aurelio Martinez, may be one of the last generations to grow up steeped in the Garifuna tradition. This tradition encompass the African and Caribbean Indian roots of his ancestors, a group of shipwrecked enslaved Africans who intermarried with local natives on the island known today as St. Vincent, only to be deported to the Central American coast in the late eighteenth century. Aurelio laments about Sahn-yah-nah-roo, I Can’t Handle Her. Lándini, Real World Records, 2014

4. Amadou & Mariam ‘Wily Kataso’ Alb Tk 2 (4:24)

Amadou & Mariam are a musical duo from Mali, composed of the couple Amadou Bagayoko (guitar and vocals) and Mariam Doumbia (vocals), known as “the blind couple from Mali” Since the late 1990s Amadou & Mariam have produced music that mixes traditional Mali sound with rock guitars, Syrian violins, Cuban trumpets, the Egyptian ney, Indian tablas and Dogon percussion representing Africa’s blues. With the song Wily Ka-ta-so, Amadou and Mariam ask Willy to leave them along in peace, they have no interest in his silly stories. Folila, Nonesuch Records, 2012

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 2

5. Jenny Q Chai ‘Life Sketches – V. Cambiata Waltz’ Alb Tk 14 2.12

Jenny Q (Cha) Chai is an American-Chinese Contemporary music pianist, active throughout China, the United States, and Europe. Cha’s repertoire includes the modern work Cam-bia-ta Waltz from her new release, Life Sketches.

Life Sketches: Piano Music of Nils Vigeland, Naxos, 2014

6. Paul Simon ‘Peace Like A River’ CD1 Tk 15 (3:20)

Paul Simon is a most successful American musician and singer-songwriter. He helped South Africa’s Ladysmith Black Mambazo launch their career. Simon’s fame, influence, and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel, formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel. Simon tags this tune Peace Like A River.

Starbucks – A 40th Anniversary Collection, Rhino, 2011

7. Elis Regina ‘Casa No Campo’ Sglns #69 Tk 14 (2:57)

Brazil’s A-lease Rey-Zhee-na, an important singer of Brazilian pop music sings Caza No Cam-poh (Teaching In The Field).

Songlines Compilation CD #69, July Issue 2010, Songlines Magazine, 2010

8. Lhasa De Sela ‘Con Toda Palabra’ Snglns#68 Tk 11 (4:36)

Lhasa de Say-la was an American-born singer-songwriter who was raised in Mexico and the United States. Cancer would claim her life but not her spirit for achieving her dream. January 2012, musicians she’d worked with gave a tribute concert in Montreal to honor her. Lhasa sings Con Toda Palabra (With Every Word).

Songlines Compilation CD #68, June Issue 2010, Songlines Magazine, 2010

9. La Yegros ‘Que Me Hizo Mal’ Alb Tk 10 4:08

Having recently performed at the 2014 Madison World Music Festival, La renders Kay May-EE-so Mal (What I Did Wrong). Viene De Mi, Waxploitation, 2013

10. Wax Poetic ‘Oriental Wind’ 2004 CD 1 Tk 16 4.12

Wax Poetic, out of New York, is known for their trip hop, electronic, nu jazz and down-tempo style. Wax Poetic presents Oriental Wind.

World 2004, Wrasse Records, 2004

11. Black Umfolosi ‘Ingoma Yakwethu’ Alb Tk 3 5.07

Black Um-fo-losi is an A cappella (Imbube) singing and traditional dance group formed in 1982 by a set of school age youngsters who wanted to develop themselves and contribute to their community. S pecializing in imbube music, gumboot dance and Zulu dance, Black Umfolosi represents Zimbabwe with In-go-ma Yak-wethu (Catch Our Song). Festival Umdlalo, World Circuit, 1993

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 3

12. Tómas R. Einarsson ‘Rumdrum’ PutuSmplr Tk 2 2.53

The Latin music of the Icelandic bassist/composer Tómas R. Einarsson gives the tune Rumdrum a frosty interpretation.

Putumayo-15th Anniversary World Music Sampler, Putumayo Records, 2008

13. Greg Russell/Ciaran AlgarThe Call And AnswerSgls #103 Tk 5 4.45

Representing the wealth of folk talent in the UK, Greg Russell and Cia-ran Algar perform The Call And Answer. The Call, Fellside Recordings, 2014

14. A Moving Sound w/ Mia Hsieh ‘Flying Dombra’ Alb Tk 6 5.16

Here again is the music of Mia (Shay) Hsieh and her brand of music fusing Western and Asian musical nuances on the composition Flying Dombra featuring the ensemble A Moving Sound illuminating rich musical culture of Taiwan. A Moving Sound, Motema, 2011

15. Cape Cod Winds Ens. ‘Air On The G String’ #1015 Tk 2 (4:28)

The Cape Cod Winds Ensemble present their adaptation of Air On The G String by Johann Sebastian Bach, written for his Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D Major.

Our Nantucket Wedding Album, BudddhaWax, 2007

16. Alexandre Desplat ‘Moonshine (trad arr.)’ Alb Tk 32 (3:21)

Ah-lex-sohn-druh Dey-plah, French film composer and now a Hollywood favorite who has recently been associated with The Grand Budapest Hotel movie soundtrack that includes the score, Moonshine. The Grand Budapest Hotel Movie Soundtrack, 2014

17. Various ‘Senggot’ Snglns #103 Tk 13 4.21

Here is a taste of Javanese music complete with the underpinning of drum and chimes. The resulting sound rendered by Various and titled Senggot, a place with a very small population in the province of Jawa Tengah, Indonesia is both alluring, and resonate.

Java – The Jasmine Isle: Gamelan Music, Nonesuch, 2003

18. Chłopcy Kontra Basia ‘Oj tak!’ DisPlnd Tk 5 4.40

Based in the ancient and fashionably artsy city of Krakow, here is an intriguing new Polish band named Who-wup-seh Kone-trah Bah-sha (meaning ‘Boys Against Bah-sha), render Yare-zhuh, a selection crafted to match traditional with experimental Polish music with Osh-tahk. Discover Poland 2014 (Songlines #103, September, Bonus CD), 2014

19. Sevara Nazarkhan ‘Yallajonim’ 2005CD1 Tk 2 4.54\

Se-vara Na-zark-han is an Uzbek singer, songwriter, and musician. Her musical style incorporates Uzbek folk and contemporary music. Na-zark-han has achieved worldwide fame having collaborated with a good mix of high-profile international artists. Her repertoire includes Yalla-jo-nim – My Dearest Song.

BBC 3 Awards for World Music 2005, Manteca, 2005

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 4

20. Francis Walker ‘Deep River’ Alb Tk 4 (4:51)

Pianist Francis Walker interprets for solo piano the arranged adaptation of the spiritual Deep River by Samuel Coleridge-Taylor an early 1900s composer living in London.

Coleridge-Taylor: 24 Negro Melodies, Marquis Classics, 2006

21. Holmes Brothers ‘I Want Jesus To Walk With Me’ Alb Tk10 4.52

The Holmes Brothers, a vocal and instrumental trio originally from Christchurch, Virginia, has an affinity for mixing sounds from blues, soul, country, rhythm & blues and gospel in which the tune I Want Jesus To Walk With Me, is grounded.

Voices Of The Real World, Real World Records, 2000

22. Iva Bittova/Skampa Quartet ‘Headache (Na Trávníčku, Na Zeleném)’ Alb Tk 9 1.53 E-vah Bee-toe-vah’ an actor in the mid-1970s, appearing in several Czech feature films, transitioned to playing violin and singing in the early 1980s. With the Skampa Quartet, Bee-toe-vah’ sings, the Moravian folk poetry work, Nah Trah-vah-neetch-koo Nah Zeh-len-hem, Headache. Moravian Folk Poetry, Supaphone, 2004

23. Presque Oui ‘L’ongle’ Putsmplr Tk 5 3.02

The group, PRES-kuh wee, founded in 1998, was composed of two members, Marie-Hélène Picard and Thibaud Defever, this duo had released an album together before lung cancer tragically took Marie-Hélène Picard’s life in 2006. The duo renders the piece LON-gluh (The Fingernail) a tail about the little things tht remind us of our loved ones.

Putumayo-15th Anniversary World Music Sampler, Putumayo World Music, 2008

24. Mahube ‘Isomiso’ Alb Tk 12 (7:33)

Mahube is Tswana word meaning “new dawn” or “new beginning”. MAHUBE, a new musical concept that encompasses African rhythms in the southern region of the continent, promises to breathe new sounds into the life of the people and the land.

South Africa: The Greatest Songs Ever, Petrol Records, 2007

25. Salif Keita ‘Moussolou’ World – 2002 CD 1 Tk 16 (4:55)

Salif Keita gave up a lot to pursue his dreams of a career in music. Born to royal lineage, with ancestral roots going back to Sound-jata Keita, the founder of the Malian Empire in 1240, Keita was disowned by his father after announcing his plans to play music. Keita’s dreams, however, were too strong to be shattered. Keita pays tribute to all women with Moussolou (Women). World 2002, Narada, 2002

26. Armenian Navy Band ‘Let The Factories OpenCD1 Tk14 (4:02)

Fronted by Turkish-American musician Arto who leads the Amenian Navy Band. Arto is an avant-garde folk artist with an appetite for sonic explorations. With his band Arto presents, Let The Factories Open. BBC Awards For World Music, Manteca, 2006

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 5

27. Cheb Khaled/Cheba ZahouaniaThe AncestorAfroLite B2 Tk4 (7:20)

Cheb Khaled, Cheba Zahoua-nia, both Algerian raï singers blend their talents on, The Ancestor. Together, Terrascape Productions, 1998

28. Black Umfolosi ‘Inobembela Njiba’ Alb Tk 4 3.19

Black Umfolosi is an A cappella (Imbube) singing and traditional dance group formed in 1982 by a set of school age members who wanted to develop themselves and contribute to their community. Specializing in imbube music, gumboot dance and Zulu dance, Black Umfolosi represents Zimbabwe with Ingoma Yak-we-thu (Catch Our Song).

Festival Umdlalo, World Circuit, 1993

29. Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan/Peter Gabriel ‘Taboo’ Alb Tk 3 4.19

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, was a legendary Punjabi musician from Pakistan, primarily a singer of devotional music of the Sufis (a mystical traditions of Islam). Today, he is remembered as one of if not the single greatest singer Pakistan has ever produced. He is joined by composer Peter Brian Gabriel, an English singer-songwriter, musician and humanitarian activist who rose to fame as the lead vocalist and flautist of the progressive rock band Genesis. Voices Of The Real World, Real World Records, 2000

30. Clannad ‘TransAtlantic’ Alb Tk 3 (3:57)

Kla-nad is an Irish band formed in 1970 in Gwee-dore, County Donegahl. Their music has been variously described as bordering on folk and folk rock, traditional Irish, Celtic and New Age, often incorporating elements of an even broader spectrum of smooth jazz and Gregorian chant. With their first appearance on Hg, Klan-ad introduces TransAtlantic. Nádúr, ARC Music Productions, 2013

31. Siegfried Behrend & DZO Chamber Orchestra ‘Concerto For Lute and Plucked Strings I. Moderato’ Alb Tk 7 (2:55)

Siegfriend Behrend was a German classical guitarist and composer, whose repertoire includes Concerto for Lute and Plucked Strings1. Moderato, featuring the DZO Chamber Orchestra. The Grand Budapest Hotel Movie Soundtrack, 2014

32. Iarla Ó Lionáird ‘Eleanor Plunkett’ CD2 Tk 13 (4:25)

As an Irish singer and producer, Ear-lah O Le-nard is well known for his involvement with the Afro Celt Sound System. He is one of the most prominent artists of the Irish Seannós singing tradition. Lenard showcases his talent on Eleanor Plunkett.

30 Real World AT WOMAD, Real World Records, 2012

33. Toto la Momposina/Sus TamboresLa Sombra Negra’ Alb Tk 11 3.26

With Sus Tambores, this is Totó la Mom-po-sina, Colombian singer of Afro-Colombian and Indigenous descent and La Sombra Negra (The Black Shadow).

Voices Of The Real World, Real World Records, 2000

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 6

34. Remmy Ongala/Orchestre Super Matimila‘Nasikitika’CD1Tk11 (6:24)

A Part of the soukous music scene, Remmy Ongala was a Tanzanian guitarist and singer – born in Kindu near the Tanzanian border, in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ongala with his Orchestre Super Mati-mila. His music performed in Kiswahili, introduces reoccurring themes linked to equality and justice as with Na-si-kitika – I Regret. 30 Real World AT WOMAD, Real World Records, 2012

35. Daby Touré ‘Kelimanta’ CD 1 Tk 2 (3:11)

Raised in Senegal here is the artist Daby Touré with Kelimanta.

BBC Awards For World Music, Manteca, 2006

36. Shira u’tfila ‘Khasapikos’ Sglns #69 Tk 4 (5:16)

The Sephardic music group Shira utila based in Belgrade, Serbia sustains that Balkan sound with Kha-sa-pikos. Songlines Compilation CD #69, July Issue 2010, Songlines Magazine, 2010

37. Madeleine Peyroux ‘Don’t Wait Too Long’ CD2 3.12

Madlyn Peh-row is an American jazz singer, songwriter, and guitarist noted for her vocal style, that pays homage to the legendary Billie Holiday. Pehrow sings Don’t Wait Too Long. Starbucks – A 40th Anniversary Collection, Universal Music, 2011

38. Spiro ‘The City And The Stars’ CD2 Tk 14 (4:15)

Presenting the work The City And The Stars, here is Spiro an instrumental musical group based in Bristol, England with an interest in fusing minimalist classical influences with the traditional music of the North of England.

30 Real World AT WOMAD, Real World Records, 2012

39. Oumar Konaté ‘Addoh’ Alb Tk 1 5.21

Here is Oumar Konate front door in Gao, Mali with his first band. That was the mid-80’s, today, he’s one of Mali’s emerging artist, again performing at the MWMF this fall. Konate sings Ah-do, a sad tale about a young girl who cries as she’s taken to her new husband’s house, forced to marry someone she doesn’t love.

Addoh, Clermont Music, 2014

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 7

Incues

8P Opening

1. Aurelio ‘Nando’ Alb Tk 2 3.01

Born in the tiny coastal hamlet of Plaplaya on Honduras’ Caribbean coast, Aurelio Martinez, may be one of the last generations to grow up steeped in the Garifuna tradition. This tradition encompass the African and Caribbean Indian roots of his ancestors, a group of shipwrecked enslaved Africans who intermarried with local natives on the island known today as St. Vincent, only to be deported to the Central American coast in the late eighteenth century.

Lándini, Real World Records, 2014

2. Seu Jorge ‘Caroline’ Sglns #69 Tk 11 (5:58)

Sue Zhor-zhee is a Brazilian musician, singer/songwriter and actor singing Caroline.

Songlines Compilation CD #69, July Issue 2010, Songlines Magazine, 2010

3. Kimmo Pohjonen ‘Kaluaja’ CD2 Tk 1 (5:35)

Kim-mo Poh-jo-nen, Finnish accordionist who has revolutionized accordion sounds with his custom-made electrified and modified instrument featured on the composition Kalu-why-ja. BBC Radio 3 Awards for World Music, Union Square Music, 2003

4. William Eaton Ens ‘A Bazaar of Subtle Desires’ #674 Tk7 (4:32)

A unique collective of seven musicians bend and blend their equally unique instruments including and lyraharp guitar and spiral clef showcased on A Bazaar Of Subtle Desires from the album Where Rivers Meet. Where Rivers Meet, Canyon Records, 1994

5. Baka Beyond ‘Ohureo’ Compilation Tk 6 (6:51)

Musical journeys often include collaborations, partnerships that rooted in what I called ‘good community’ where all participants gain – from the work and the relationships. Baka Beyond edifies this idea as a bridge between the Baka Pygmies of Camaroon and British musician Martin Cradick with his wife Sue Hart. Ohureo is an old Scot’s Gaelic folk song – it takes on a new mood, though still infused with an old lullaby tale in which the children are being mistreated by their step mother, so their real mother returns form the dead on their behalf. Travel The World With Putumayo, Putumayo World Music, 1997

6. Susana Baca ‘Cardo O Ceniza’ Alb Tk 2 (4:34)

With well received albums and a string of acclaimed concert dates in North America and Europe, Susana Baca has succeeded in her mission to preserve the unique musical heritage of Afro-Peruvian music. A true ambassador of her country and it’s musical heritage. Baca intones Car-doe Sin-nee-sah.

Gifted: Women Of The World, Real World Records, 2012

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 8

Incues

9P Opening

1. Gasper Lawal ‘Awon-Ojise-Oluwa’ Alb Tk 9 (6:24)

Nigerian Artist Gasper Lawal started out as a session drummer and percussionist with both the Rolling Stones and Ginger Baker in the 60s in London. He took the psychedelic music scene in a new direction with Awon-Ojise-Oluwa.

World Psychedelic Classics 3, Luaka Bop, 2004

2. Ska Cubano ‘La Gaita Sabrosa’ Sglns #69 Tk 1 (4:19)

Ska Cubano is a London-based group which combines ska and Cuban music such as son and mambo, with elements of other genres features works like La Gai-ta Sabrosa.

Songlines Compilation CD #69, July Issue 2010, Songlines Magazine, 2010

3. Rango ‘Major’ Sglns #68 Tk 1 (3:52)

Penetrating and percussive tribal rhythms from the Sudanese trance masters. The rango is a rare xylophone looking instrument with gourds underneath. Made of wood, the Rango is a large instrument. The one you’ll hear is nearly 200 years old passed down from generations long gone. The chants are for healing – this one is called Major.

Songlines Compilation CD #68, June Issue 2010, Songlines Magazine, 2010

4. Giuliano Modarelli & Sura Susso ‘Cora’ Alb 2 Tk 13 (4:19)

Giu-liano Mo-darelli, guitarist influenced by Western classical, Trip-hop, rock and klezmer is joined by Sura Susso a Gambian griot. The duo performs Cora.

The Rough Guide To The Best African Music You’ve Never Heard, World Music Network, 2013

5. Hosam Hayek ‘Stranger In My Homeland’ Sglns#69 Tk 10 (3:33)

Hosam Hayek, a Palestinian oud player performs Stranger In My Homeland.

Songlines Compilation CD #69, July Issue 2010, Songlines Magazine, 2010

6. Eric Bibb ‘Don’t Ever Let Nobody Drag Your Spirit Down’Alb Tk 7 (6:49)

Born in New York…garners much attention on the acoustic blues scene…his style might be compared to that of the legendary Taj Mahal… in his music hears, gospel, folk, New Orleans R&B and Delta Blues….now a resident of Sweden…a proclamation that encourages all to honor oneself. Mali To Memphis, Putumayo, 1999

7. Spirit Of South Africa ‘Party Crisis’ Alb Tk 7 3.50

Here again are the students and teachers of the N’tonga Music School, in Gugu-lethu, South Africa, came together to record songs that lift up their community. Their music is crafted to cause inspiration and celebration with tunes like Party Crisis.

Spirit Of Africa, Red Sauce Records, 2005

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 9

Incues

10P Opening

1. Momo Wandel Soumah ‘Toko’ Sglns#68 Tk 12 (7:43)

Momo Wan-del Somah was a singer, composer, and alto saxophonist from Guinea. Soumah with work like Toko, until his passing in 2003, had influenced African Jazz since the early 1990s. Songlines Compilation CD #68, June Issue 2010, Songlines Magazine, 2010

2. Alka Yagnik (with Sonu Nigam & Udit Narayan) ‘Pyar Ka Matlab’ CD2 Tk 5 (5:47) Al-ka Yag-nik is among the best-known playback singers of Hindi cinema with a career spanning more than three decades. With friends she performs P’yar Ka Mat-lahb. A melody about love, and protecting ones heart.

BBC Radio 3 Awards for World Music, Union Square Music, 2003

3. Susana Baca ‘Se Me Van Los Pies’ CD2 Tk 3 (5:34)

Here again is Susana Baca has succeeded in her mission to preserve the unique musical heritage of Afro-Peruvian music. A true ambassador of her country and it’s musical heritage. Here is Baca with Say May Van Los Pee-ehs.

BBC Radio 3 Awards for World Music, Union Square Music, 2003

4. Paban das Baul ‘Ore Poinkha’ Alb Tk 9 5.36

Paban das Baul is a noted Bengali baul singer and musician, who also plays a dubki, a small tambourine. The selection is called O’Pwen-ka.

Voices Of The Real World, Real World Records, 2000

5. Thomas Mapfumo ‘Nyoka Musango (Enemy In The Jungle)’ Tk4 (5:20)

Thomas Mapfumo, originally from Zimbabwe, now lives in exile in Eugene Oregon where he continues to create his own brand of music. His compositions are enchanting, slightly funky. His repertoire includes Nyoka Musango (Enemy Of The Jungle) Mapfumo’s fuller recipe for music incorporates a combination of American and African musical elements. The Long Walk, Thomas Mapfumo Records, 2007

6. Aurelio ‘Funa Tugudirugu’ Al Bk 10 3.20

Born in the tiny coastal hamlet of Pla-plah-ya on Honduras’ Caribbean coast, Aurelio Martinez, may be one of the last generations to grow up steeped in the Garifuna tradition that encompasses African and Caribbean Indian roots of his ancestors, a group of shipwrecked enslaved Africans who intermarried with locals on the island known today as St. Vincent, only to be deported to the Central American coast in the late eighteenth century. Aurelio celebrates the birth of a new child with Fu-na Tugu-di-rugu.

Lándini, Real World Records, 2014

#1055 September 20, 2014 No. 10

Outcues

7P Close

Salsa Celtica ‘Sol de La Noche’ PutuSmplr Tk 13 5.54

Putumayo-15th Anniversary World Music Sampler, Putumayo Records, 2008

8P Close

Mercan Dede ‘Ab-I La’l’ Tk 11 (5:42)

BBC Awards For World Music, Manteca, 2006

9P Close

Mongo Santamaria ‘Mambo Mongo’ Streetlife1 Tk 10 (5:54)

Mambo Mongo, Chesky Records, 1993

10P Close

Marciré Sylia ‘Perenperen’ PutuSmplr Tk 1 5.18

Putumayo-15th Anniversary World Music Sampler, Putumayo Records, 2008

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